FY 2014 Makah Regional Salmonid Monitoring

The focus of this project was to continue research, monitoring and evaluation components of the Lake Ozette Sockeye population, and to track and evaluate the performance of the overall status of this population of ESA listed salmon. Each of the tree components of this project provides a different and essential focus. The major components were:
Task A) Lake Ozette Sockeye smolt trapping in the Ozette River during outmigration provides an estimate of total sockeye smolt production. Hatchery and natural origin smolts were enumerated separately, as are all other salmonid species encountered. These smolt abundance estimates are necessary to measure marine and freshwater survival and productivity and relative contribution by hatchery-origin sockeye. The smolt trap was installed in the Ozette River in April, and was tended through the end of the sockeye smolt outmigration in mid-June.
Task B) Spawner surveys (i.e. carcass and redd counts) and sample collections were conducted on Lake Ozette beaches and in many of the Ozette tributaries. Surveys for spawning sockeye in Lake Ozette tributaries and on the beaches occurred between October and January. Otoliths were collected from carcasses, during beach carcass counts to determine age and release group. The WDFW laboratory in Olympia, WA read otoliths for age and thermal marks. Tissue samples were also be collected from recovered carcasses and archived for future genetic evaluation of the integrity of the spawning aggregations, potential interbreeding with kokanee, and possible effects of hatchery practices.
Task C) Adult sockeye run-size entering Lake Ozette was monitored to estimate overall abundance. The adult sockeye run was recorded with an underwater video camera, which feeds to a both time-lapse DVR recorder and a computer hard drive. Fish passages are recorded 24/7. Estimates for natural- and hatchery-origin adult sockeye were determined by reviewing images for adipose fin clip ratios. Population estimates were subsequently compared to estimates from both the adult weir at Umbrella Creek and the stream spawner surveys. Predator encounters and general fish condition were also evaluated. Computer software was being incorporated into this analysis. The resulting estimates of survival to return are essential to monitor the status of this ESU and have resulted in increasingly accurate measurements of abundance. In conjunction with Task C, an ARIS, a sonar imagery tool, was purchased in 2013 with Salmon Recovery Funding Board (SRFB) funds. Following the establishment of protocols for usage in the Lake Ozette watershed, and comparison and analysis of data sets from the imagery and the weir, replacement of the weir is going to be implemented in future years using the ARIS sonar imagery. This will satisfy the Lake Ozette Sockeye Recovery Plan Site Specific Action #8 “Modify sockeye adult enumeration techniques at the Ozette River weir to reduce any predation mortality on adult and juvenile sockeye”. The ARIS will also be used to assist with Task B, beach spawning surveys in Lake Ozette. Cooperative agencies of NOAA Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and the Olympic National Park (ONP) are both in accord with this prospect.

This project will allow Makah Fisheries Management to:
• Estimate the total number of adult sockeye entering Lake Ozette and separate the total into different spawning aggregation estimates.
• Determine the relative contribution of hatchery origin spawners in tributaries and monitor stray rates at all spawning locations.
• Estimate total sockeye smolt outmigration and relative hatchery contribution and survival in freshwater.
• Monitor smolt outmigration of other resident Lake Ozette salmonid populations.
• Identify all hatchery returns by release group and thus facilitate evaluation of performance and impacts of various hatchery programs.
• Collect and archive genetic samples for future monitoring and comparison.
• If the weir is replaced with the ARIS: analysis of adult fish migrating without the weir and associated predatory component.

This project provides all components of data that determine estimates of the Lake Ozette Sockeye population size for outmigrating smolts and returning adults, of both hatchery and natural origin. It further facilitates the evaluation of the hatchery program’s release strategy investigation (i.e. which release stage is most effective in producing adult returns to the Ozette system). Accurate status information for both hatchery and natural components of the Lake Ozette Sockeye Recovery Strategy will lead to more effective recovery planning to assist this ESA-listed stock in regaining healthy VSP characteristics.

All of these components contribute to the overall monitoring of Lake Ozette Sockeye recovery efforts, per Hatchery Genetic Management Plan (HGMP) protocols and Hatchery Scientific Review Group (HSRG) recommendations. Monitoring populations and performance of both hatchery and natural origin sockeye is vital to planning restoration projects and evaluating overall population status. This information will allow adaptive management of programs to enhance recovery, detect and address possible negative effects, and ultimately contribute to delisting of Lake Ozette Sockeye as an ESA listed threatened species.