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NOAA Fisheries Northwest Science Center Publication Details

CitationSteel, E.A., Obiang Ndong, G., Adelola, T., Aggestam, F., Akwany, L., Bezerra, M., Casallas Ramirez, S., Colvin, C., Crane, S., Feist, B.E., and 16 others. 2025. Enabling consistent reporting and monitoring for freshwater (inland waters) restoration under Target 2 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cd5046en (10.4060/cd5046en)
TitleEnabling consistent reporting and monitoring for freshwater (inland waters) restoration under Target 2 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
Year2025
Date04/22/2025
Keywordsmonitoring and evaluation, habitat restoration, river restoration, biodiversity conservation; local communities; wildlife management; behavioral change theory
AbstractFreshwater (inland waters) host a disproportionate amount of global biodiversity. They have been extensively degraded and are highly impacted by human activities. These ecosystems provide essential ecosystem services for the survival and well-being of human populations, making their restoration a high priority. Target 2 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) aims to bring 30 % of the total area of degraded terrestrial, inland water, and marine and coastal ecosystems under effective restoration by 2030. These critical and threatened ecosystems were not highlighted in the sustainable development goals (SDGs) making it important that freshwater systems be well-represented in the ambitions of the GBF. GBF). Ideally, guidelines for reporting on `Area under restoration¿ for inland waters can enable globally consistent reporting that properly incentivizes restoration and monitoring of freshwater (inland waters) ecosystems. Reporting on `Area under restoration¿ in a glob
Official CitationSteel, E.A., Obiang Ndong, G., Adelola, T., Aggestam, F., Akwany, L., Bezerra, M., Casallas Ramirez, S., Colvin, C., Crane, S., Feist, B.E., and 16 others. 2025. Enabling consistent reporting and monitoring for freshwater (inland waters) restoration under Target 2 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cd5046en
Links (10.4060/cd5046en)